Semantic Search

A continuous vector encoding of an item (word, image, user) such that semantic similarity corresponds to geometric cl...

Breaking documents into pieces for retrieval; chunk size/overlap strongly affect RAG quality.

Constraining outputs to retrieved or provided sources, often with citation, to improve factual reliability.

Fine-tuning on (prompt, response) pairs to align a model with instruction-following behaviors.

Model trained to predict human preferences (or utility) for candidate outputs; used in RLHF-style pipelines.

Predicts masked tokens in a sequence, enabling bidirectional context; often used for embeddings rather than generation.

Achieving task performance by providing a small number of examples inside the prompt without weight updates.

Stepwise reasoning patterns that can improve multi-step tasks; often handled implicitly or summarized for safety/priv...

Architecture that retrieves relevant documents (e.g., from a vector DB) and conditions generation on them to reduce h...