Mixture of Experts

Chooses which experts process each token.

Capabilities that appear only beyond certain model sizes.

Empirical laws linking model size, data, compute to performance.

Formal framework for sequential decision-making under uncertainty.

Encodes positional information via rotation in embedding space.

Encodes token position explicitly, often via sinusoids.

Techniques to handle longer documents without quadratic cost.

Attention mechanisms that reduce quadratic complexity.