Domain: Mathematics

Sensitivity of a function to input perturbations.

Vector whose direction remains unchanged under linear transformation.

Direction of steepest ascent of a function.

Matrix of curvature information.

Measures similarity and projection between vectors.

Matrix of first-order derivatives for vector-valued functions.

Mathematical foundation for ML involving vector spaces, matrices, and linear transformations.

Measure of vector magnitude; used in regularization and optimization.

Vectors with zero inner product; implies independence.

Number of linearly independent rows or columns.

Decomposes a matrix into orthogonal components; used in embeddings and compression.

Set of vectors closed under addition and scalar multiplication.